ArticleEuropean journal of pediatrics2026
Febrile seizure during the acute phase of Kawasaki disease: a Korean nationwide cohort study.
Article in European journal of pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of febrile seizure (FS) associated with Kawasaki disease (KD) using nationwide population-based data. Children aged ≤ 5 years were analyzed using claims data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service between 2007 and 2022. FS and KD were identified using ICD-10 codes R56.0 and M30.3, respectively. Clinical characteristics were compared between FS associated with KD (KD-FS) and FS without KD (non-KD-FS). Of 1,230,434 children with FS, 1,683 (0.1%) had concomitant KD. Children with KD-FS were younger (1.66 vs. 1.81 years, p < 0.0001) and more likely to be male (58.8% vs. 55.9%, p = 0.0163) than those with non-KD-FS. During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the overall incidence of FS decreased markedly, whereas that of KD-FS increased. KD-FS occurred more frequently in winter and showed a distinct seasonal pattern, whereas the incidence of non-KD-FS peaked in summer. Children with KD-FS were more frequently treated in secondary or tertiary hospitals and had longer hospital stays. Chloral hydrate and acute/emergency anticonvulsants were more frequently administered in the KD-FS group; however, maintenance anticonvulsant use did not differ. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis and brain computed tomography were performed more frequently in the KD-FS group; brain magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography utilization and mortality rates were comparable.
conclusionKD-FS is rare and does not appear to be associated with a more severe neurological course than non-KD-FS. WHAT IS KNOWN: • Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis that can be accompanied by neurological manifestations, including febrile seizures (FS). • FS during acute KD is rare and remain insufficiently characterized in large population-based studies. WHAT IS NEW: • In this nationwide study, FS associated with KD are rare but show distinct demographic and seasonal features, including younger age and winter predominance. • However, FS associated with KD are not associated with worse neurological outcomes or mortality compared with non-KD febrile seizures.
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