ReviewJournal of pharmaceutical analysis2026
Sweat as a diagnostic biofluid: analytical advances and future directions.
Review in Journal of pharmaceutical analysis, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The use of sweat as an alternative specimen for biological analyses is well recognised and has been successfully applied in forensic toxicology and clinical health assessments. Compared to conventional matrices such as urine and blood, sweat samples are easy to obtain, are less invasive and present a reduced number of endogenous interferents. Advanced analytical techniques in sweat analysis have considerably expanded capabilities in the isolation of drugs, detection of complex metabolites and identification of biomarkers. The ability to detect a broader range of substances with greater sensitivity and accuracy, improved speed and efficiency and enhanced reliability present opportunities for non-invasive chemical sensing in sweat for a much broader scope of metabolites than traditionally recognised. The year 2023 was marked by an evolutionary step in artificial intelligence (AI), opening the door for improved pattern analysis and classification algorithms to improve diagnostic precision and therapeutic accuracy. It is anticipated that when combined with advances in the performance and miniaturization of integrated circuits, stretchable electronics, wireless connectivity and longer battery life, a substantial impact is expected on the development of wearable biosensor devices to provide meaningful information to the physiology of end-users, expanding its role in personalized medicine and health monitoring. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide an integrative overview of sweat as a diagnostic and monitoring biofluid by first discussing traditional methods in clinical and forensic applications. Recent advancements in sweat biomarker detection are then highlighted, followed by an evaluation of sweat's potential for real-time physiological monitoring.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.