ReviewCureus2026
The Global Re-emergence of Syphilis and Antimicrobial Resistance Among Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM), People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLWH), and Newborns: A Narrative Review.
Review in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Syphilis incidence continues to rise substantially among men who have sex with men (MSM), people living with HIV (PLWH), newborns, and women of reproductive age, despite preventive measures and available treatments. A major contributing factor is the increasing antimicrobial resistance, which complicates current therapeutic strategies for syphilis. This study aims to support the development of evidence-based, targeted interventions designed to address the specific needs of high-risk populations and to minimize the risk of antimicrobial resistance, while contributing to the overall reduction of syphilis infections. To expand our analysis, we obtained data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) spanning 2020-2024 through the National Notifiable Sexually Transmitted Infections Surveillance System in the United States to evaluate the trends in syphilis. We also conducted a comprehensive literature search across multiple databases and identified additional epidemiological evidence. Our findings indicate that the incidence of syphilis cases is projected to increase in North America, Europe, and Asia. Although there was a significant decrease in cases of primary and secondary syphilis globally in 2024 compared with 2023, there was an increase in late and congenital syphilis cases over a longer period from 2020 to 2024. Furthermore, the complex interaction between HIV and syphilis appears to contribute to a heightened risk, which poses challenges for infection control and effective treatment. The rising trend of syphilis remains a global threat, thus requiring multilevel public health interventions, including strengthening education, increasing routine testing, ensuring appropriate antibiotic prescribing practices, and promoting early treatment to prevent transmission. Furthermore, to address the rising cases of syphilis, the availability of additional treatment options and the development of vaccines are crucial strategies for strengthening public health protection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.