ArticleFrontiers in oncology2026
Real-world evidence of baseline soluble CD25 as a prognostic biomarker and indicator of differential EGFR-TKI benefit in stage IV lung adenocarcinoma.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Outcomes in stage IV lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain heterogeneous despite established genomic and immune biomarkers. We evaluated the prognostic and predictive value of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sCD25), a marker of systemic inflammation and immune regulation. Methods: In this prospective observational real-world study (2020-2024), 133 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed stage IV LUAD, ECOG performance status 0-1, and survival ≥3 months were enrolled. Overall survival (OS) was the primary endpoint. Associations between sCD25 and OS were assessed using Kaplan-Meier estimates, multivariable Cox regression, and propensity score matching. Treatment-by-biomarker interaction analyses evaluated EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and antiangiogenic therapy. Results: In the whole group, at a median follow-up of 24.1 months, 52 deaths occurred during follow-up. Elevated sCD25 (≥441 U/mL) was associated with shorter OS (hazard ratio [HR], 5.70; 95% CI, 2.94-11.07; P <.0001) and remained prognostic in multivariable analysis (HR, 4.23; 95% CI, 2.01-8.91; P <.001) and after propensity score matching (HR, 4.61; 95% CI, 2.01-10.62; P <.001). One- and three-year OS rates were 97% and 78% for low sCD25 versus 68% and 27% for high sCD25. A significant treatment interaction was observed for EGFR-TKIs, with benefit limited to the high-sCD25 subgroup (HR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.19-0.88; P = .02). No significant interactions were observed for ICIs or antiangiogenic therapy. Conclusion: Baseline sCD25 is a biomarker in stage IV LUAD -strongly prognostic and suggests differential benefit from EGFR-TKIs-and may help refine EGFR-TKI selection. Multicenter validation is warranted.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.