ArticleAnnals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine2026
DETECTION OF SARS-COV-2 IN MULTIPLE CLINICAL SPECIMENS: A PILOT PREVALENCE STUDY FROM NORTHEAST NIGERIA.
Article in Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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8 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection primarily relies on RTPCR analysis of nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) specimens; however, viral RNA has also been detected in other clinical samples. In Northeast Nigeria, data comparing SARS-CoV-2 detection across multiple specimen types, alongside serological evidence of exposure, remain limited. Aim: This pilot study aimed to determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in stool, serum, and NPS, and the seroprevalence of anti-SARSCoV- 2 antibodies among hospitalized patients in Gombe, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between March and May 2022 at Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe. A total of 384 inpatients without prior confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled. Stool, serum, and NPS samples were collected from each participant. Viral RNA was detected using RT-PCR, and SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM and IgG antibodies were assessed separately using a rapid immunochromatographic assay, allowing differentiation between recent and past exposure. Results: Among 384 participants, the overall RT-PCR prevalence of SARSCoV- 2 RNA was 2.1% (8/384). Stool samples yielded the highest positivity rate (1.8%; 7/384), followed by NPS (0.8%; 3/384) and serum (0.3%; 1/ 384). In sharp contrast, the overall antibody seroprevalence was 48.6% (187/384). Among the 362 unvaccinated participants, 46.4% had detectable antibodies. Conclusion: This study revealed a low prevalence of active viral shedding but a high seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, suggesting widespread, under-detected community exposure. Stool specimens showed a higher detection rate than NPS in this cohort, warranting further investigation as a potential diagnostic sample in resource-limited settings.
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