Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42497266›Full record

ArticleScience advances2026

Unheralded high MHC class II polymorphism in the abundant Atlantic herring resolved by long-read sequencing.

Minal Jamsandekar, Fahime Mohamadnejad Sangdehi, Florian Berg, Michael F Criscitiello, Brian W Davis, Mårten Larsson, Jingyi Li, Mats E Pettersson, Leif Andersson

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In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Minal JamsandekarDepartment of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8678-9329
Fahime Mohamadnejad SangdehiDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.ORCID 0009-0006-0894-1659
Florian BergInstitute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.ORCID 0000-0003-1543-8112
Michael F CriscitielloDepartment of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4262-7832
Brian W DavisDepartment of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6121-135X
Mårten LarssonDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-7855-9539
Jingyi LiDepartment of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6775-5190
Mats E PetterssonDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-7372-9076
Leif AnderssonDepartment of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4085-6968

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes are the most polymorphic genes in vertebrates, we still lack a clear understanding about the extent of polymorphism and selection mechanisms dominantly driving it. Here, we use 29 haploid genome assemblies resolved by long-read sequencing to characterize MHC II genes in Atlantic herring, a pelagic fish and one of the most abundant vertebrates on Earth. We found nine MHC II loci in total distributed on four chromosomes, three of which were extremely polymorphic because of high sequence diversity, in particular at peptide binding sites, along with high copy number variation. This study reveals that the herring MHC class II genes are among the most, if not the most, polymorphic so far described in vertebrates.

Indexed as

FishesGenes, MHC Class IIHistocompatibility Antigens Class IIPolymorphism, GeneticAnimalsDNA Copy Number VariationsSequence Analysis, DNAHistocompatibility Antigens Class II

Identifiers

PMID42497266
PMCPMC13398488

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.