Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42496905›Full record

ArticleFood science of animal resources2026

Impact of millet-immobilized probiotic on oxidation and volatile profile of dry-fermented sausage.

Marilia Silva Malvezzi Karwowski, Caroline Maria Andrade Cavalari, Bruno José Gonçalves Silva, Renata Ernlund Freitas Macedo

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Food science of animal resources, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Marilia Silva Malvezzi KarwowskiPontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
Caroline Maria Andrade CavalariPontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
Bruno José Gonçalves SilvaUniversidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
Renata Ernlund Freitas MacedoPontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil. renata.macedo@pucpr.br.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigated the impact of incorporating millet-immobilized probiotics on the oxidation and volatile profile of dry-fermented sausage. Four formulations were tested: FC (free-cell Lp. plantarum), NI4% (free-cell + 4% millet), I2% (2%-immobilized Lp. plantarum), and I4% (4% millet-immobilized Lp. plantarum). Analyses were carried out during ripening (0, 2, 7, 14, and 21 days) and storage (41, 61, 81, 100, and 121 days). Immobilized probiotics showed higher counts (> 8 log CFU/g) than free cells (P < 0.05) for up to 121 days of storage. Immobilization did not impact the pH, Aw and carbonyl contents of the product, however the millet addition demonstrated a significant antioxidant effect, inhibiting lipid oxidation. Forty-one volatile compounds were identified, with their complexity increasing significantly over time. While alcohols predominated at the onset of ripening (day 0), aldehydes and alcohols became the dominant chemical families during storage. Notably, the volatile profile of treatments with immobilized probiotics (I2% and I4%) remained consistent with the free-cell control (FC), indicating that the millet matrix successfully preserved the product's characteristic aroma. PCA confirmed that sample differentiation was primarily driven by storage duration rather than the immobilization process. Although hexanal was the most abundant oxidation marker, its delayed predominance in millet-immobilized formulations suggests a protective effect against advanced oxidative deterioration. These findings demonstrate that millet is an effective carrier for maintaining probiotic viability and oxidative stability without compromising the volatile fingerprint of dry-fermented sausages.

Indexed as

CarbonylsFood preservationLactic acid bacteriaTBARSVolatiles

Identifiers

PMID42496905
PMCPMC13400504

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.