Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42496902›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental monitoring and assessment2026

Wastewater-based assessment of episodic changes in psychoactive compounds and hormones during music festivals.

Alexandra Tulipánová, Tomáš Mackuľak, Ivana Horáková, Zuzana Imreová, Alexandra Paulína Drdanová, Adam Bořík, Pavel Šauer, Hana Kocour Kroupová, Roman Grabic, Paula Bímová and 1 more

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Article in Environmental monitoring and assessment, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Alexandra TulipánováDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovakia. alexandra.tulipanova@stuba.sk.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0046-2120
Tomáš MackuľakInstitute of Integral Safety, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Jána Bottu, Trnava, 2781/25, 917 24, Slovakia.
Ivana HorákováDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovakia.
Zuzana ImreováDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovakia.
Alexandra Paulína DrdanováResearch Centre 4D- National Research Centre for Defense and Dual Technologiesof the University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Námestie J. Herdu 577/2, 917 01, Trnava, Slovakia.
Adam BoříkFaculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
Pavel ŠauerFaculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
Hana Kocour KroupováFaculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
Roman GrabicFaculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
Paula BímováDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovakia.
Andrea Vojs StaňováFaculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigated 11 psychoactive contaminants in wastewater influents at a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Slovakia between 2015 and 2018, based on 44 samples collected under regular conditions and an additional five samples collected during two music festivals in 2018. In addition, 17 progestagens were analyzed only in 2018 during festival days and their corresponding background days. Seasonal variation in normalized mass loads was generally minor, whereas interannual differences were more pronounced, particularly for psychoactive pharmaceuticals, which showed an overall decrease in 2018. Short-term but substantial increases in contaminant loads were observed during the festivals. During the multi-genre music festival, the normalized mass load of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine increased by more than 110-fold on the second festival day compared to the pre-festival average, while benzoylecgonine increased approximately 17-fold and dienogest by 1.3-fold. During the country/folk music festival, tramadol loads increased approximately twofold. Principal component analysis explained 70.75% of the total variance using the first two components and revealed a clear separation between festival and background samples. Overall, the results demonstrate that music festivals represent episodic pollution events capable of markedly altering wastewater influent composition over short time periods.

Indexed as

Environmental MonitoringHormonesPsychotropic DrugsWastewaterWater Pollutants, ChemicalHolidaysMusicSlovakiaHormonesPsychotropic DrugsWastewaterWater Pollutants, ChemicalFestivalsIllicit drugsProgestagensPsychoactive pharmaceuticalsWastewater

Identifiers

PMID42496902
PMCPMC13400670

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.