Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42496782›Full record

ArticleCancer causes & control : CCC2026

Associations of neighborhood racial and ethnic, economical, and educational segregation with breast cancer risk: The Multiethnic ohort Study.

Ugonna Ihenacho, Jenna Khan-Gates, Katherine Lin, Janine V Abe, Pushkar P Inamdar, Juan Yang, Yuqing Li, Meera Sangaramoorthy, Christopher A Haiman, Loïc Le Marchand and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Ugonna IhenachoDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1450 Biggy Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9469-8184
Jenna Khan-GatesPopulation Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
Katherine LinDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, Second Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2509-1925
Janine V AbePopulation Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5308-6045
Pushkar P InamdarDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, Second Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2648-2477
Juan YangDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, Second Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
Yuqing LiDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, Second Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
Meera SangaramoorthyDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, Second Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6839-3192
Christopher A HaimanDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1450 Biggy Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
Loïc Le MarchandPopulation Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5013-980X
Lynne R WilkensPopulation Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8408-4536
Scarlett Lin GomezDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, Second Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
Salma Shariff-MarcoDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, Second Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2541-3333
Anna H WuDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1450 Biggy Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA. annawu@usc.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0546-902X
Iona ChengDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, Second Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA. iona.cheng@ucsf.edu.

Funding

Understanding Population Differences in Cancer: The MEC StudyU01CA164973 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA · PI HAIMAN, CHRISTOPHER ALAN, LE MARCHAND, LOIC · 2015 to 2025
$37.4M
Multidisciplinary Training in Ethnic Diversity and Cancer DisparitiesT32CA229110 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA · PI HAIMAN, CHRISTOPHER ALAN, LE MARCHAND, LOIC · 2019 to 2023
$2.1M
NCI NIH HHS T32 CA229110NCI NIH HHS T32CA229110NCI NIH HHS U01 CA164973NCI NIH HHS U01 CA164973-08
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeResidential segregation is recognized as an upstream driver of poor health, yet few studies have evaluated its impact on breast cancer incidence at a local level. We examined associations of neighborhood residential segregation with breast cancer (BC) incidence in the Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC).

methodsMeasures of Index of Concentration at the Extremes were developed to assess residential segregation by income, education, race and ethnicity, and racialized income. A prospective study (1993-1996 through December 2019) was conducted to examine associations of these measures and breast cancer incidence for 101,785 African American, Japanese American, Latina, Native Hawaiian, and White female participants in the MEC, aged 45-75 years at baseline and residing in California and Hawai'i. Multivariable Cox regression was conducted to evaluate the associations of several residential segregation measures with breast cancer incidence (cases = 7,381) adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and reproductive factors.

resultsIn California, BC risk was higher for females residing in neighborhoods with the highest compared to lowest concentration of privilege by income segregation (quintile 5 [Q5] vs. Q1: hazard ratio [HR] 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-1.25, P

conclusionIn California, residential economic privilege was independently associated with increased BC risk. Future studies should examine neighborhood- and individual-level pathways placing females residing in privileged areas at greater risk.

Indexed as

Breast NeoplasmsEthnicityNeighborhood CharacteristicsAgedAsianBlack or African AmericanCaliforniaEducational StatusFemaleHawaiiHispanic or LatinoHumansIncidenceMiddle AgedNative Hawaiian or Pacific IslanderProspective StudiesBreast cancerCohort studiesFemaleHealth disparitiesIncidenceNeighborhoodResidential segregation

Identifiers

PMID42496782
PMCPMC13400465

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.