ArticleJNCI cancer spectrum2026
Alcohol intake and risk of stomach cancer: a pooled analysis of 20 cohorts.
Article in JNCI cancer spectrum, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundStomach cancer presents complex etiological heterogeneity. Ethanol in alcoholic beverages and its metabolite acetaldehyde are carcinogens causally linked to several cancers, but their role in gastric carcinogenesis has not been established. We analyzed harmonized, individual-level prospective data to examine associations between alcohol intake and risk of stomach cancer and its subtypes.
methodsIn total, 2 009 951 participants in 20 cohorts (mean follow-up = 9 to 29 years) within the Pooling Project of Prospective Studies of Diet and Cancer (n = 8357 incident invasive gastric adenocarcinomas) were included. We used Cox regression to assess associations between alcohol intake and risk of stomach cancer overall and by anatomical and histological subtype and population subgroup, adjusting for confounders.
resultsEvidence for an association between alcohol intake and overall stomach cancer risk was weak (hazard ratio, HR, for ≥30 vs 0.1-<5 g/day: 1.06 [95% confidence interval, CI = 0.96 to 1.16], Pbetween-studies heterogeneity = .43). Positive associations with stomach cancer risk were observed in never smokers (HR, for ≥30 vs 0.1-<5 g/day: 1.20 [95% CI = 1.02 to 1.42]; Pinteraction = .02) and for Asian studies (HR, 1.21 [95% CI = 1.02 to 1.42]; Pinteraction = .01). Modest increased risks were observed for noncardia cancers such as those of the fundus, body, and greater curvature, but not distally located noncardia cancers. HRs did not differ materially between diffuse- and intestinal-type cancers (Pheterogeneity > .05).
conclusionThere was little evidence of an overall association between alcohol intake and stomach cancer risk, although modest positive associations were observed among never smokers and in Asian.
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