ArticleClinical and translational science2026
Metoprolol Population Pharmacokinetics in Older Chinese Patients With CKM Syndrome: Joint Effects of rs1065852 and CKM
Article in Clinical and translational science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Older adults are vulnerable to adverse drug reactions due to multimorbidity, frailty and polypharmacy. In those with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome, CKM-related multi-organ burden may further alter drug disposition and elevate risk. Metoprolol exposure varies widely among individuals, and higher plasma concentrations have been associated with falls in prior studies. We aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model of metoprolol in older Chinese patients with CKM syndrome using real-world data, identify key covariates affecting clearance, and perform model-based dose simulations. The PopPK analysis included sparse real-world data from 42 older adults (60-93 years) receiving immediate-release metoprolol tartrate. Candidate covariates included demographics, genetic polymorphism, laboratory variables, comorbidities, frailty phenotype, SARC-F score, age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index, CKM stage and CKM
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