Water Droplet Hammer: Piezoelectric Sensing of Ultrafast Mechanical Transients During Droplet Impact.

Ian Kim, Chen Lin, Zuer Wu, Siyuan Rao, Qianbin Wang

Abstract read

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Article in Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ian KimDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York, USA.

Chen LinDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York, USA.

Zuer WuDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York, USA.

Siyuan RaoDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York, USA.

Qianbin WangDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York, USA.

Funding

Magnetic Modulation on Targeted Neural Circuits in AutismR00MH120279 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST · PI RAO, SIYUAN · 2021 to 2023

$747k

Binghamton UniversityFoundation Research Grants for Health Sciences and Technology 105383National Science Foundation CAREER Program 2414753National Science Foundation CAREER Program 2442112NIMH NIH HHS R00 MH120279Wellcome Trust 105383

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Erosion and fracture caused by repeated water-droplet impacts are often attributed to splash-mediated material removal, high-pressure impulsive loading, or cavitation. Yet, the mechanical response during the earliest instant of impact remains difficult to capture. Using a high-temporal-resolution polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric sensor combined with high-speed imaging, we directly measure substrate-coupled mechanical transients during a single water-droplet impact. A strong impulsive strain response appears within the first 2 ms after contact, followed by coherent 100-500 Hz oscillations at the water-solid interface during the first 20 ms, before any rebound occurs. The oscillation frequency is modulated by an effective interfacial stiffness, whereas the impulsive peak-to-peak response scales with droplet size and impact velocity. The experimentally captured signals provide direct experimental evidence of ultrafast substrate-coupled mechanical transients during droplet impact and establish a minimal inertial-capillary framework for understanding mechanical signatures that may contribute to low- to moderate-speed droplet-induced erosion and fatigue.

Indexed as

droplet impactinterfacial oscillationPVDF piezoelectric sensingsubstrate‐coupled strainsuperhydrophobic surface

Identifiers

PMID42495825

DOI10.1002/smll.74628

PMCPMC13569044

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.