ArticleOncology reports2026
M2‑TAM‑derived exosomal miR‑491‑3p modulates UBE2D3 and promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of lung cancer cells.
Article in Oncology reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
M2 tumor‑associated macrophages (M2‑TAMs) have been reported to promote tumor growth through exosome‑dependent mechanisms. However, the exact role of exosomes derived from M2‑TAMs (M2‑TAM‑Exos) in lung cancer progression remains unclear. In The present study, M2‑like macrophages (IL‑4/IL‑13‑polarized THP‑1‑derived macrophages) were shown to release exosomes that lung cancer cells effectively internalized. These exosomes markedly enhanced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells, thereby promoting malignancy. Further analyses revealed that M2‑like macrophage‑derived exosomes contain high levels of microRNA (miR)‑491‑3p.
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