Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42495728›Full record

ArticleJournal of global health2026

Measuring community engagement and trust in community health workers in Haiti, Malawi, and Rwanda: a cross-sectional study.

Stephanie Armbruster, Stefanie A Joseph, Kobel Dubique, Erick Baganizi, Frank Gondwe, Nadege Belizaire, Maurice Junior Chery, Peterson Abnis Faure, Tumusime Musafiri, Benson Chabwera and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of global health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Stephanie Armbruster *Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Stefanie A Joseph *Partners In Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Kobel DubiquePartners In Health/Zanmi Lasante, Mirebalais, Haiti.
Erick BaganiziPartners In Health/Inshuti Mu Buzima, Kigali, Rwanda.
Frank GondwePartners In Health/Abwenzi Pa za Umoyo, Neno, Malawi.
Nadege BelizairePartners In Health/Zanmi Lasante, Mirebalais, Haiti.
Maurice Junior CheryPartners In Health/Zanmi Lasante, Mirebalais, Haiti.
Peterson Abnis FaureIndependent Researcher, Malawi.
Tumusime MusafiriPartners In Health/Inshuti Mu Buzima, Kigali, Rwanda.
Benson ChabweraPartners In Health/Abwenzi Pa za Umoyo, Neno, Malawi.
Jean Claude MugungaPartners In Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Mary ClisbeePartners In Health/Zanmi Lasante, Mirebalais, Haiti.
Dale A BarnhartDepartment of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Bethany Hedt-Gauthier *Department of Maternal and Child Health and Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Fabien Munyaneza *Partners In Health/Abwenzi Pa za Umoyo, Neno, Malawi.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Community health workers (CHWs) increase the accessibility of institutional health systems by building trust in communities. We assessed community members' trust in CHWs in Haiti, Malawi, and Rwanda. We explored whether potentially modifiable factors, including sex concordance between community members and CHWs and time spent by CHWs engaging with their community, are associated with increased trust in CHWs. Methods: Between June and October 2023, we used two-stage sampling to conduct a cross-sectional survey of 1920 community members, cared for by Partners In Health. We multiplied the frequency and duration of self-reported interactions with CHWs to calculate cumulative self-engagement and cumulative perceived engagement between a CHW and others in their community over the past six months. Community members who interacted with their CHW at least once in the past six months answered the Trust-in-CHW Scale. We compared engagement levels by country using a Rao-Scott χ Results: Many community members in Haiti (51.1%), Rwanda (47.2%), and Malawi (5.8%) reported no interaction with their CHW in the past six months (P < 0.001). Among those who had interacted at least once, the cumulative self-engagement duration (in hours) was highest in Malawi (mean (x̄) = 3.3 hours), followed by Rwanda (x̄ = 1.2) and Haiti (x̄ = 1.1). Trust in CHWs was also the highest in Malawi (x̄ = 3.6), followed by Rwanda (x̄ = 3.5) and Haiti (x̄ = 3.4). While neither sex nor sex concordance were significantly associated with self-engagement duration or trust, longer cumulative durations of self- and community-engagement were significantly associated with increased trust for all countries. Conclusions: Increased duration of engagement with CHWs was associated with increased trust. However, many community members reported no meaningful engagement with their CHWs in the past six months. This finding underscores the importance of empowering CHWs to engage with community members.

Indexed as

Community Health WorkersTrustAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHaitiHumansMalawiMaleMiddle AgedRwandacommunity health workerscommunity participationHaitihealth equityMalawiprofessional-patient relationshipRwandatrust

Identifiers

PMID42495728
PMCPMC13397096

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.