ArticleACS omega2026
Urea-Urease pH-Clock-Enabled Time-Lapse Thiol-Acrylate Adhesives: Two-Part Formulations and One-Pot Underwater Activation.
Article in ACS omega, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This work presents time-lapse thiol-acrylate adhesive systems that use a urea-urease pH-clock reaction to enable programmable curing. Two complementary approaches are demonstrated: a two-part adhesive in which enzymatically generated ammonia provides a tunable induction period prior to rapid gelation, and a one-pot, water-activated formulation that could be used for underwater curing. In the two-part system, mixing a thiol component containing watermelon seed powder (WMSP) with an acrylate component containing an aqueous urea solution initiated a gradual pH increase that delayed the thiol-Michael polymerization, allowing programmable working time. This induction time is unlike other two-part systems that begin to react immediately upon mixing. The cured adhesive exhibited a lap shear strength of 7 MPa on polycarbonate. The one-pot formulation, stabilized with monomethyl ether hydroquinone (MEHQ) and phenylphosphonic acid, remained shelf-stable in the absence of water but cured rapidly upon wetting as the water dissolved the urea, which then was converted to ammonia by the WMSP, achieving lap shear strengths of ∼5 MPa. Together, these systems demonstrate the effectiveness of WMSP-derived enzymatic catalysis for achieving temporal control in thiol-acrylate adhesives.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.