ArticleACS omega2026
Sequential Ion-Exchange Polishing of Oil Palm Trunk-Derived XOS-Containing Liquor: Effects of Holding Time and Water Washing on Sugar Recovery and Impurity Removal.
Article in ACS omega, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Downstream purification of lignocellulosic XOS-containing hydrolyzates requires effective impurity removal while minimizing the loss of the sugar-containing fraction. In this study, oil palm trunk (OPT)-derived XOS-containing liquor was purified by activated carbon pre̵-purification followed by sequential anion- and cation-exchange treatment, with emphasis on the effects of ion-exchange holding time and post-elution water washing on reducing sugar recovery and impurity removal. Activated carbon acted as the primary cleanup step, whereas ion exchange served as a polishing step for the partially purified fraction. In the ion-exchange study, holding time markedly affected recovery, with 10 min giving the highest reducing sugar recovery after both anion exchange (57.92%) and cation exchange (14.20%) while maintaining high impurity removal. Under this optimized holding time, post-elution washing with 1 L distilled water further increased recovery to 94.03% after anion exchange and 92.26% after cation exchange, while preserving substantial removal of furfural, acid-soluble lignin (ASL), and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Application of the optimized downstream sequence at larger scale retained 72.18% of the reducing sugars and achieved final furfural, ASL, and HMF removals of 98.03, 98.73, and 98.76%, respectively. However, HPLC analysis showed that the final purified fraction remained xylose-dominant rather than DP2-DP6 XOS-dominant, indicating that downstream polishing improved cleanup and sugar recovery but could not overcome the saccharide profile generated during upstream hydrolysis. These findings establish a recovery-conscious polishing strategy for OPT-derived XOS-containing liquor and highlight the need to couple downstream purification with upstream hydrolysis control to improve final XOS selectivity.
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