ArticleACS omega2026
Reduction of Free Fatty Acids in Waste Frying Oil Using Thermally Treated Mortar.
Article in ACS omega, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Amid growing global efforts to mitigate climate change and decarbonize energy systems, biodiesel derived from waste cooking oils (WCOs) has emerged as a sustainable and economically viable alternative. However, the high free fatty acid (FFA) content in WCOs presents a significant barrier to efficient transesterification, requiring cost-intensive pretreatment stages. To address this challenge, thermally treated mortar waste from construction and demolition activities was evaluated as a low-cost adsorbent for reducing the acidity of WCOs collected from a university food service facility. Material characterization by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that thermal treatment at 850 °C enhances surface porosity and increases the presence of basic calcium oxide (CaO) phases, facilitating FFA adsorption. The process achieved a 78% reduction in acid value, reaching approximately 0.55 mg KOH.g
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Registered trials
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