ArticleThe Pan African medical journal2026
Seroprevalence, clinical characteristics and risk factors for dengue virus infection among febrile adult patients in a Nigerian tertiary hospital.
Article in The Pan African medical journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: dengue is a neglected tropical disease. Underdiagnosis of dengue in the endemic sub-Saharan Africa region has contributed to poor characterisation of disease burden. Here, we determined the seroprevalence, clinical characteristics and risk factors of dengue infection among febrile patients at the Federal Medical Centre, Owerri. Methods: this case-control study included 90 adult febrile cases and 90 apparently healthy controls, sampled consecutively. Data were obtained using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Blood was tested for anti-dengue IgG and IgM antibodies, dengue non-structural protein antigen, malaria parasitaemia, full blood count, liver function and kidney function tests. Multivariate analysis determined factors independently associated with dengue seropositivity using a p-value < 0.25 on the Chi-square test. A two-tailed p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: the participants comprised 48 (53.3%) females in each group with a mean age of 39.3 ± 16.4 years for febrile patients and 38.3 ± 12.5 years for the controls (p=0.642). The seroprevalence of recent dengue virus (DENV) infection (IgM or NS1) was 33.3% in febrile participants vs. 17.8% in controls (p=0.017). For past DENV exposure, IgG only, the difference in seropositivity was also statistically significantly higher in the febrile group compared to control (62.2% vs. 40.0%, p=0.003). Malaria parasitemia was significantly more frequent in dengue IgM seropositive febrile participants compared to the seronegative febrile participants (76.7% vs 55.0%, p=0.046). Only having window /door nets (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]-3.67, 95% CI 1.02 to 8.21, p=0.045) was an independent predictor of recent dengue virus infection, while none of the variables assessed predicted past DENV infection. Conclusion: this study showed high dengue seroprevalence. Dengue-malaria co-infection highlights the need for clinicians and policymakers to consider laboratory evaluation for dengue in the routine assessment of febrile patients in sub-Saharan Africa.
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