ArticleFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2026
Early diagnostic value of serum S100 calcium-binding protein A12, serum amyloid A protein, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with acute empyema.
Article in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Acute empyema refers to suppurative inflammation of the pleural cavity secondary to pulmonary infection. Prompt diagnosis and intervention are required upon identification to prevent progression to chronic empyema; hence, clinically effective biomarkers are needed to predict the development of acute empyema. Objective: To investigate the early diagnostic value of four serum markers, namely, S100 calcium-binding protein A12 (S100A12), serum amyloid A (SAA), C-reactive protein (CRP), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), for predicting progression to acute empyema in patients with early-stage pneumonia. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 60 patients diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia complicated with acute empyema admitted to Xichang People's Hospital from January 2021 to June 2022. Another 60 patients with community-acquired pneumonia without empyema treated during the same period were enrolled as controls. Univariate analysis was used to compare differences in general clinical data, clinical manifestations, biochemical indicators, and treatment conditions between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were adopted to evaluate differences in sensitivity and specificity of single and combined detection of S100A12, SAA, and NLR for early identification of acute empyema. Results: Levels of S100A12, SAA, CRP, and NLR were significantly higher in patients with acute empyema than in those with community-acquired pneumonia (all Conclusion: Acute empyema is mostly secondary to pulmonary infection, which is closely associated with host immunity, bacterial virulence, and invasiveness. Clinicians need reliable predictive biomarkers for early identification and prevention of acute empyema progression. Our study reveals that the combined panel of S100A12, SAA, and NLR achieves favorable sensitivity and specificity in predicting acute empyema, exhibiting superior diagnostic performance for early detection and promising clinical application prospects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.