ArticleFrontiers in sports and active living2026
The psychological restorative effects of green exercise: a moderated mediation model of nature relatedness and exercise behavior.
Article in Frontiers in sports and active living, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Green exercise yields synergistic physical and mental health benefits; however, the psychological transformative mechanisms underlying these effects warrant further investigation. Grounded in Conditioned Restoration Theory (CRT), the main purpose of this study was to construct and validate a theoretical model of the psychological restoration pathways within green exercise contexts. Using a stratified sampling method, data were collected from 1,098 participants in Taiwan and analyzed via Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results revealed that Perceived Naturalness (PN) significantly enhanced Perceived Environmental Restorativeness (PER) both directly and indirectly through Nature Relatedness (NR). Furthermore, exercise behavior significantly and negatively moderated the direct pathway from PN to PER. This attenuating interaction effect suggests that vigorous or prolonged physical exertion may induce cognitive resource competition, thereby diminishing the restorative benefits derived from the natural environment. These findings not only broaden the theoretical framework for understanding the psychological restoration mechanisms of green exercise but also offer critical practical implications for public health and urban planning.
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