ReviewVeterinary world2026
High dietary cation-anion difference as a biological coolant: Mechanisms of enhanced evaporative heat dissipation and comfort in tropical dairy ruminants under natural high ambient temperature.
Review in Veterinary world, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
High ambient temperature (HTa) is a major environmental challenge affecting the welfare, physiological stability, and productivity of dairy ruminants raised in tropical and subtropical regions. Heat stress caused by HTa compromises feed intake, acid-base balance, water metabolism, thermoregulation, and milk production. This review summarizes the physiological, behavioral, and endocrinological responses of dairy goats and cows exposed to HTa conditions and highlights the potential role of high dietary cation-anion difference (hDCAD) supplementation as a nutritional strategy to mitigate heat stress. Under HTa conditions, dairy ruminants increase respiratory rate and panting to enhance evaporative heat dissipation, which may induce respiratory hypocapnia and alter electrolyte balance. The reviewed evidence demonstrates that hDCAD supplementation improves heat dissipation efficiency by increasing nocturnal water intake, expanding body water compartments, and supporting hydration status, thereby reducing rectal temperature increments during daytime heat exposure. In addition, hDCAD positively influences ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, eating behavior, and dry matter intake. Long-term supplementation also promotes renal compensatory responses that help restore acid-base equilibrium. The concept of hDCAD as a "biological coolant" is proposed based on its ability to support physiological cooling mechanisms rather than solely improving feed intake or buffering capacity. This nutritional approach may improve animal comfort and productivity under tropical HTa conditions and could complement existing environmental heat mitigation strategies in dairy production systems. Further investigations in dairy goats and cows under practical farming conditions are required to strengthen the application of hDCAD as a sustainable heat stress management strategy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.