ArticleVeterinary world2026
Development and validation of a recombinant Omp19+31-based indirect hemagglutination assay for serological diagnosis of bovine and ovine brucellosis.
Article in Veterinary world, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background and Aim: Brucellosis remains a major zoonotic disease affecting livestock production and public health worldwide, particularly in endemic regions such as Kazakhstan. Conventional serological assays used for animal brucellosis diagnosis are often limited by cross-reactivity associated with lipopolysaccharide-based antigens, leading to false-positive results and unnecessary culling of animals. The indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) is a simple and economical serological method; however, its diagnostic specificity requires improvement. This study aimed to develop and validate a recombinant protein-based IHA using sheep erythrocytes sensitized with recombinant Brucella outer membrane and periplasmic proteins for the serological diagnosis of bovine and ovine brucellosis. Materials and Methods: Recombinant Results: Among all tested antigens, the Omp19+31 chimeric protein demonstrated the highest diagnostic performance in IHA. The Omp19+31-based IHA achieved a sensitivity of 92.6% (95% CI: 85.5-96.4), specificity of 100% (95% CI: 99.2-100.0), and overall diagnostic accuracy of 98.8% (95% CI: 97.5-99.5). In the subset of 32 seropositive cattle, the assay detected Conclusion: The recombinant Omp19+31-based IHA demonstrated excellent specificity, high diagnostic accuracy, and operational simplicity for the serological diagnosis of bovine and ovine brucellosis. The assay represents a promising complementary diagnostic tool for endemic and resource-limited settings where conventional lipopolysaccharide-based assays are limited by cross-reactivity. Further multi-center validation and assessment of differentiating infected from vaccinated animals potential are warranted before broader implementation.
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