Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42494206›Full record

ArticleBJPsych open2026

A comparison of in-patient mental health rehabilitation services provided by the NHS and independent sector in England: patient and service characteristics.

Helen Killaspy, Christian Dalton-Locke, Mariam Adeleke, Nia Barber, Bella Branch, Caroline Sarah Clarke, Gerard Leavey, Artemis Igoumenou, Katherine Barrett, Megan Downey and 3 more

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Article in BJPsych open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Helen KillaspyDivision of Psychiatry, University College London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2481-4802
Christian Dalton-LockeDivision of Psychiatry, University College London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1876-4741
Mariam AdelekeDepartment of Statistical Science, University College London, UK.
Nia BarberDivision of Psychiatry, University College London, UK.
Bella BranchDivision of Psychiatry, University College London, UK.
Caroline Sarah ClarkeResearch Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4676-1257
Gerard LeaveyBamford Centre for Mental Health & Wellbeing, University of Ulster, UK.
Artemis IgoumenouDivision of Psychiatry, University College London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6790-208X
Katherine BarrettNorth London Service User Research Forum, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, UK.
Megan DowneyDivision of Psychiatry, University College London, UK.
Sophie ThomasDivision of Psychiatry, University College London, UK.
Jing Yi Jessica WengResearch Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, UK.
Rumana Z OmarDepartment of Statistical Science, University College London, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn-patient mental health rehabilitation services provide specialist care to adults with complex psychosis. In England, there are more than 350 such services, half provided by the National Health Service (NHS) and half by the independent sector.

aimsTo investigate whether NHS and independent sector in-patient mental health rehabilitation services differ.

methodWe recruited a random sample of NHS and independent sector services across England. We collected cross-sectional data regarding service and patient characteristics through interviews with patients, clinicians and managers, and from healthcare record reviews.

resultsWe recruited 411 patients from 48 NHS services and 172 patients from 20 independent sector services. Service characteristics, including standardised quality scores, were similar. Most patients had a diagnosis of schizophrenia (NHS

conclusionsBoth NHS and independent sector in-patient rehabilitation services support people with complex psychosis, but independent sector patients may have more complex conditions, which could explain their longer admissions.

Indexed as

complex psychosisindependent sectorIn-patient treatmentmental health rehabilitationNHS

Identifiers

PMID42494206
PMCPMC13419678

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.