ArticleJournal of paediatrics and child health2026
Investigating the Relationship Between Sensory Processing, Pain and Toe Walking Gait: A Survey Study.
Article in Journal of paediatrics and child health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Association Between Toe Walking and Repetitive Behaviors in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Phenotypic Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimThis study aimed to examine sensory processing patterns, the frequency and impact of parent-reported pain in children who toe walk across a range of diagnoses using validated caregiver-report tools.
methodsAn online cross-sectional survey was distributed internationally between July 2024 and March 2025. Parents of children who toe walk aged 3-14 years, regardless of diagnosis, completed the Short Sensory Profile (SSP) and the Child Activity Limitations Interview-9 (CALI-9).
resultsThe survey collected responses from 176 parents of 187 children with toe walking gait. Sensory processing challenges were frequently reported, particularly in children with autism spectrum disorder (98%). Nearly half (48% of 187) of children were reported to experience pain, most frequently in the feet/ankles, lower legs, and hips/thighs. Most parents (94%) and their child's medical professional (81%) attributed their child's pain to toe walking. Parents of children experiencing pain described significantly greater limitations in activities such as sports (OR 3.10, p < 0.001), running (OR 3.46, p < 0.001), and social participation (OR 2.43, p < 0.001).
conclusionSensory processing differences and pain were frequently reported among children who toe walk in this sample. Routine assessment of sensory processing and pain in clinical practice may guide targeted interventions to improve participation, function, and quality of life.
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