Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42493626›Full record

ArticleNature nanotechnology2026

Immunostimulatory lipogel implant enhances cancer immunotherapy.

Ying Zhang, Enlai Wang, Shiyang Li, Yufan Yao, Quanlin Shao, Yanfang Wang, Yingjiao He, Mingqi Liu, Xiang Jin, Zhen Gu and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature nanotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Ying ZhangState Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-1124-1043
Enlai WangState Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
Shiyang LiState Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
Yufan YaoState Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
Quanlin ShaoState Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
Yanfang WangKey Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Yingjiao HeState Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
Mingqi LiuState Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-1532-7582
Xiang JinSchool of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
Zhen GuKey Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. guzhen@zju.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2947-4456
Ran MoState Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China. rmo@cpu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4010-8879

Funding

Fok Ying Tong Education Foundation 171028National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 82271521National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 82525064, 82273876Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation) BK20240012
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cancer stem-like cells contribute to innate tumour immunoresistance and an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment, leading to poor responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Chemotherapeutic agents can elicit tumour immunogenicity by inducing immunogenic cell death to reinforce the therapeutic efficacies of immune checkpoint inhibitors, but suffer from inefficient immunogenic cell death activation in highly resistant cancer stem-like cells. Here we report an immunostimulatory lyotropic liquid-crystal-based lipogel for localized co-delivery of all-trans retinoic acid, a differentiation-inducing drug, and doxorubicin, an immunogenic-cell-death-inducing chemotherapeutic agent with distinct release kinetics. The lipogel is tailored to release the combinatorial drugs in a differential and sustained manner, which fulfils the requirement for enhanced drug synergism in promoting the immunogenic cell death of cancer stem-like cells. Local implantation of the immunostimulatory lipogel elicits an antitumour immune response that is further augmented by an immune checkpoint inhibitor to suppress tumour growth and metastasis, as well as to prevent post-surgical recurrence in murine models of high-stemness tumours.

Indexed as

Adjuvants, ImmunologicImmunotherapyNeoplasmsTretinoinAnimalsAntineoplastic AgentsCell Line, TumorDoxorubicinFemaleGelsHumansMiceNeoplastic Stem CellsAdjuvants, ImmunologicAntineoplastic AgentsDoxorubicinGelsTretinoin

Identifiers

PMID42493626

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.