ArticlePediatric research2026
Early neurodevelopment predicts driving experience in early adulthood in a congenital heart disease cohort.
Article in Pediatric research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSurvivors of CHD are at elevated risk for neurodevelopmental impairments and functional implications at the transition to adulthood. This study examined whether early neurodevelopmental indicators predict attainment of a driver's license in early adulthood-a real-world milestone for independence-among CHD survivors.
methodsThis prospective longitudinal cohort study followed children who had surgical treatment for CHD into adulthood. Standardized neurodevelopmental assessments were conducted at age 4 years, including measures of executive function, attention, processing speed and visuomotor function. Participants were followed into young adulthood (ages 18-21), at which time they self-reported whether they had obtained a driver's license or learner's permit. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine associations between early cognitive measures and licensure outcome, adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates.
resultsAnalysis included 119 participants who completed both the age-four assessment and follow-up survey in young adulthood. In adjusted models, better inhibition and visuo-motor skills at age four were significantly associated with higher likelihood of driving later: inhibition odds ratio [OR] = 1.38, 95% CI, 1.12-1.78, p < 0.01; visuo-motor OR = 1.06, 95% CI, 1.01-1.11, p < 0.05.
conclusionHigh-level executive and motor control capacities in early childhood were a meaningful predictor of driving in young adulthood among CHD survivors. IMPACT: High level cognitive and motor control-specifically inhibition and visuo-motor skills-at age four were significantly associated with higher likelihood of driving measured at the transition to adulthood. Early identification of children at elevated risk for neurodevelopmental impairment-particularly those with visuo-motor or inhibition challenges-may allow for timely and targeted support towards improving later life functional outcomes.
Identifiers
42493555What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.