Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42492002›Full record

ArticleAddiction research & theory2026

Time-Varying Effects of Substance Craving on Substance Use Among Pregnant People in Substance Use Disorder Treatment.

Frank J Schwebel, Matison W McCool, Matthew R Pearson, Lawrence Leeman, Pilar M Sanjuan

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Addiction research & theory, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Frank J SchwebelCenter on Alcohol, Substance use, And Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
Matison W McCoolCenter on Alcohol, Substance use, And Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
Matthew R PearsonCenter on Alcohol, Substance use, And Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
Lawrence LeemanDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
Pilar M SanjuanCenter on Alcohol, Substance use, And Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.

Funding

Integrative Treatment for Achieving Holistic Recovery from Comorbid Chronic Pain and Opioid Use DisorderRM1DA055301 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO · PI PEARSON, MATTHEW RYAN, WITKIEWITZ, KATIE A · 2021 to 2025
$10.5M
Alcohol Research Training: Methods & MechanismsT32AA018108 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO · PI Katie A Witkiewitz · 2010 to 2026
$5.6M
Mentoring Emerging Scientists for Careers in Substance Use ResearchR25DA035163 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Carmen L Masson, Gideon St.Helen · 2014 to 2026
$4.6M
TRANSFER Neural Underpinnings of Emotion Regulation and Drinking to Cope among Problem Alcohol DrinkersK23AA025094 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO HEALTH SCIS CTR · PI SANJUAN, PILAR M · 2017 to 2022
$1.1M
Integrating Mindfulness and mHealth Approaches for Treating Opioid Use DisorderK23DA058015 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO · PI Frank Schwebel · 2024 to 2026
$588k
TRANSFER Ecological Momentary Assessment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Prenatal Bonding Predicting Opioid Use Disorder Relapse Among Pregnant WomenR21DA048058 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO HEALTH SCIS CTR · PI SANJUAN, PILAR M · 2020 to 2021
$424k
NIAAA NIH HHS K23 AA025094NIAAA NIH HHS T32 AA018108NIDA NIH HHS K23 DA058015NIDA NIH HHS R21 DA048058NIDA NIH HHS R25 DA035163NIDA NIH HHS RM1 DA055301
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: Prenatal substance use is associated with negative outcomes for both the pregnant person and child. Entering substance use treatment during pregnancy is associated with improved outcomes but there are many barriers to treatment such as stigma. To improve prevention and treatment outcomes, it is critical to understand the relationship between risk/protective factors for substance use during pregnancy and to look for temporal changes in these relationships. Method: Pregnant people ( Results: Craving predicted substance use from gestational weeks 19.58 to 26.96. The relationship decreased over time and was not significant after week 27. PTSD symptoms predicted cravings at three times (weeks: 19.96-20.30, 23.36-31.68, 36.22-36.79). Maternal-fetal quality of attachment predicted craving from weeks 19.58-25.63. Maternal-fetal intensity of preoccupation predicted craving from weeks 19.58-22.42 and 31.31-31.87. PTSD symptoms predicted maternal fetal quality of attachment between weeks 25.06-26.20. There was no relationship between PTSD symptoms and maternal-fetal intensity of preoccupation over time. Conclusions: These findings support prior research on the relationship between risk/protective factors for substance use during pregnancy. However, these relationships appear to fluctuate over time indicating that other factors might impact substance use during pregnancy.

Indexed as

cravingecological momentary assessmentPTSDsubstance use disordertime-varying effects model

Identifiers

PMID42492002
PMCPMC13379157

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.