ArticleJournal of the Endocrine Society2026
Size in small-for-gestational-age neonates correlates with insulin-like growth factor-binding protein proteolysis and insulin-like growth factor-I bioavailability.
Article in Journal of the Endocrine Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Context: Alterations in prenatal growth affect postnatal outcomes, but the factors involved in prenatal growth are not clearly defined. Cord blood levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I are associated with weight and length at birth; however, how pappalysins (pregnancy-associated plasma protein [PAPP]-A and PAPP-A2) and stanniocalcins (STC-1 and STC-2) regulate IGF-binding protein (IGFBP) cleavage and IGF bioavailability in relation to birth size and nutritional status in full-term neonates is unknown. Objective: We aimed to determine the relationship between serum levels of PAPP-A and STCs with other components of the IGF axis and ponderal index (PI) in full-term small-for-gestational-age (SGA), adequate-for-gestational-age (AGA), or large-for-gestational-age (LGA) neonates (according to gestational age or PI). Methods: Twenty-six SGA, 131 AGA, and 22 LGA neonates were studied, and circulating levels of IGF axis parameters were evaluated according to weight, length, weight-to-length ratio, and PI. Results: Small-for-gestational-age newborns had lower total and free IGF-I, total IGFBP-3, acid-labile subunit, and PAPP-A2 levels and higher total IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2, intact IGFBP-4, and STC-1 levels than AGA newborns. Neonates in the first tertile of PI had lower total and free IGF-I and IGFBP-5 and higher IGFBP-1 and -2 levels than those in the third tertile. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A2 levels correlated positively with weight and length and inversely with IGFBP-4 and STC-1 levels. Insulin-like growth factor-I and PAPP-A2 levels are associated with length. Conclusion: Variations in IGF-I parameters, such as STCs and PAPPAs, according to length/weight or PI suggest that they play an important role in intrauterine growth and/or nutritional status.
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