Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42491381›Full record

ArticleBioactive materials2026

A bioprinted periosteum organoid enables functional repair of critical-sized bone defects.

Zhengrong Chen, Kui Huang, Ziyang Zhang, Peng Chen, Qixiu Yu, Yong Tang, Jiulin Tan, Jie Zhang, Ying Qu, Qijie Dai and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Bioactive materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Zhengrong ChenDepartment of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospal, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
Kui HuangDepartment of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospal, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
Ziyang ZhangDepartment of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospal, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
Peng ChenDepartment of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospal, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
Qixiu YuDepartment of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospal, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
Yong TangDepartment of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospal, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
Jiulin TanDepartment of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospal, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
Jie ZhangDepartment of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospal, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
Ying QuDepartment of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospal, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
Qijie DaiDepartment of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospal, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
Shiwu DongDepartment of Biomedical Materials Science, College of Biomedical Engineering, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
Fei LuoDepartment of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospal, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
Ce DouDepartment of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospal, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The periosteum is an essential yet often neglected regulator of bone regeneration, and its loss represents a major barrier to healing critical-sized bone defects. Existing periosteum-mimicking strategies rely primarily on static architectures or exogenous factor delivery and fail to reconstruct a living periosteal interface. Here, we introduce an organoid-based approach for engineering functional periosteum organoids capable of restoring periosteal identity and regulatory function. A bioprinted GelMA/SilMA interpenetrating composite hydrogel integrated with black phosphorus nanosheets is developed to create a mechanically stable and bioactive microenvironment that supports osteogenic-angiogenic self-organization. Under three-dimensional culture, the constructs exhibit the potential to form periosteum organoids, with coordinated osteogenic differentiation and pro-angiogenic niche formation. Following

Indexed as

3D bioprintingCritical-sized bone defectsOsteogenic–angiogenic couplingPeriosteum organoids

Identifiers

PMID42491381
PMCPMC13377428

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.