SynthesisFrontiers in immunology2026
Coordinated oral-gut microbiota relocation in connective tissue diseases: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Alterations of the gut microbiome are well documented in connective tissue diseases, whereas the oral microbiome has largely been studied in isolation. Emerging evidence suggests coordinated dysbiosis across mucosal sites with oral-gut relocation of pathobionts occurring in animal models; however, it remains unclear whether consistent oral and gut microbiome alterations occur in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). This review systematically synthesizes evidence on oral and gut microbiome alterations in SLE and pSS with a focus on recurrent opposing abundance patterns across anatomical sites compatible with oral-gut microbial relocation. Methods: Observational studies comparing adult patients with SLE or pSS to healthy controls and reporting oral and/or gut microbiome data were included. Interventional studies, case reports, reviews, and non-human studies were excluded. PubMed was searched from inception to November 2024. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Microbial alterations were harmonized using current NCBI taxonomy and synthesized descriptively without meta-analysis. Results: Thirty-three studies comprising 1,385 patients and 2,131 healthy controls were included. Intestinal Shannon and Simpson α-diversity were frequently reduced, whereas oral diversity was preserved or increased. Recurrent opposing abundance patterns were observed for specific taxa, most consistently involving Discussion: SLE and pSS are characterized by coordinated dysregulation of the oral and gut microbiomes. Opposing abundance patterns across anatomical sites support the concept of disease-associated microbial redistribution although causal inference is limited given the data was derived primarily from cross-sectional studies with relative abundances. Overall, this study highlights the oral-gut axis as an underexplored dimension of mucosal immune dysregulation in connective tissue diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.