Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42491008›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2026

Factors associated with turnover intention among institutional long-term care workers in China: a multi-center cross-sectional study in China.

Baohua Liu, Hongguo Zhou, Shuping Zhou, Meifei Ruan, Lingbo Zhao, Xiaoling Huang, Yan Chen, Julin Yang, Xudong Zhao, Huiyin Lin

Abstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Baohua LiuDepartment of Elderly Care and Management, School of Health Services and Wellness, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
Hongguo ZhouDean's Office, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
Shuping ZhouDepartment of Elderly Care and Management, School of Health Services and Wellness, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
Meifei RuanDepartment of Elderly Care and Management, School of Health Services and Wellness, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
Lingbo ZhaoDepartment of Elderly Care and Management, School of Health Services and Wellness, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
Xiaoling HuangDepartment of Development Planning, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
Yan ChenSchool of Nursing, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
Julin YangDepartment of Elderly Care and Management, School of Health Services and Wellness, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
Xudong ZhaoDepartment of Organization, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
Huiyin LinContinuing Education College, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: As population aging accelerates, stabilizing the long-term care workforce has become increasingly important. As a key cognitive precursor of actual turnover behavior, turnover intention provides an important indicator of workforce instability among long-term care workers. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe turnover intention and explore its associated factors among institutional long-term care workers. Methods: A cross-sectional self-administered anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among long-term care workers from 28 older long-term care institutions. Data were collected between November and December 2025 in Zhejiang Province, China. A total of 808 valid samples were included in the study. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between turnover intention and associated factors. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for OR were calculated. Results: Approximately 23.0% of the respondents (186/808) were classified as having high turnover intention. The multivariable logistic regression model (Model 4) showed that, compared with age 35 years or younger, being older than 55 years (OR = 0.619; 95% CI: 0.402-0.954) was negatively associated with high turnover intention. Working in public institutions (OR = 0.487; 95%CI = 0.326-0.728) and having a high level of supervisor support (OR = 0.525; 95%CI = 0.331-0.833) were also negatively associated with high turnover intention. Perceived heavy workload (OR = 2.195; 95%CI = 1.315-3.663), perceived difficulty taking leave (OR = 1.882; 95%CI = 1.184-2.991), higher levels of job burnout (OR = 1.046; 95%CI = 1.028-1.064), and poorer sleep quality (OR = 1.079; 95%CI = 1.014-1.149) showed significant positive associations with high turnover intention. Conclusion: The turnover intention of institutional long-term care workers is associated with a range of complex factors. Modifiable factors associated with turnover intention, including supervisor support, heavy workload, difficulty taking leave, job burnout, and poor sleep quality, may provide practical targets for human resource management in long-term care institutions. Therefore, managers should consider organizational-level measures to strengthen support for care workers, improve the work environment, and develop retention strategies that may help reduce turnover intention.

Indexed as

IntentionLong-Term CarePersonnel TurnoverAdultChinaCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleFrontline WorkersHumansJob SatisfactionMaleMiddle AgedSurveys and QuestionnairesWorking Conditionsjob burnoutlong-term care workerresourcesupervisor supportwork challenges

Identifiers

PMID42491008
PMCPMC13375792

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.