ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2026
Beyond identity categories: chronotype and mental health as correlates of sleep quality in transgender and gender-diverse adults.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Sleep disturbance is frequently reported among transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) adults, yet the relative contribution of circadian preference, mental health, and gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) remains unclear. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 222 TGD adults (mean age = 26.9 ± 9.3 years; 15.3% non-binary) attending a specialized gender clinic in Padova (Italy) completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), and SF-12. Multivariable linear regression examined associations between sleep quality and chronotype, mental health-related quality of life, age, sex assigned at birth, gender identity, and current GAHT. An exploratory model tested the interaction between chronotype and GAHT status. Results: Mean PSQI was 6.31 ± 3.84; 54.9% scored >5 and 31.5% ≥8. Poorer sleep quality was independently associated with greater eveningness, lower mental health-related quality of life, younger age, and current GAHT. The association between eveningness and poorer sleep quality was stronger among participants receiving GAHT. Within the GAHT subgroup, treatment duration was not associated with PSQI scores. Conclusions: Poor sleep quality is common in TGD adults and appears primarily associated with circadian preference and psychological well-being. Findings suggest that the relationship between chronotype and sleep quality may vary by GAHT status, although no linear association with treatment duration was observed. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify these relationships.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.