ArticleJournal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR2026
Factors Influencing Auditory Perception of Masculinity and Naturalness in Transmasculine Voices.
Article in Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeThis study examined speaker- and listener-related factors that influence auditory perception of masculinity, naturalness, and gender attribution in transmasculine voices on hormone replacement therapy and in cisgender speakers.
methodVoice recordings were collected from six transmasculine and 12 age-matched cisgender individuals. One hundred five listeners of varying age, sexual orientation, and gender identity rated voices for masculinity and naturalness as well as attributed a gender to each voice. Speaker- and listener-related predictors of voice ratings were examined. Speaker-related factors included speaker gender, acoustic measures of voice quality, and self-report of vocal function. Acoustic measures included fundamental frequency (
resultsRatings of voice naturalness and masculinity were predicted by
conclusionsAlthough transmasculine and cis male voices were acoustically similar, both speakers and listeners rated transmasculine voices as less masculine and less natural than cis male voices. Listener age influenced the perception of voice naturalness. Future research may examine how gender-affirming voice therapy can best meet the needs of transmasculine speakers.
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