Observational studyESC heart failure2026
General and disease-specific health literacy in patients with heart failure: an outcome analysis.
Observational study in ESC heart failure, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionLimited health literacy is common among patients with heart failure (HF), and the relative importance of general and disease-specific health literacy for patient outcomes remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate general and disease-specific health literacy in patients with HF and to examine their association with behavioural, patient-reported and clinical outcomes.
methodsThis prospective observational study included 126 outpatients with HF (mean age 69 ± 11 years; 71% male) who were followed for 6 months. General health literacy was assessed using the Brief Health Literacy Screen (BHLS), and disease-specific health literacy using the Heart Failure-Specific Health Literacy Scale (HFsHLS).
resultsThe two measures were moderately positively correlated (Spearman's ρ = 0.49, P < .001), indicating partial overlap. Limited general health literacy (BHLS ≤ 9) was identified in 22% of patients and was associated with lower educational level, more depressive symptoms, higher NT-proBNP levels, and a greater number of prescribed medications (all P < .05). In univariable analyses, both health literacy measures were associated with better HF-related knowledge (P = .004 and .049), higher health-related quality of life (P < .001 and .007), and better self-rated health (P < .001 for both), which was not sustained after multivariable adjustment. Additionally, disease-specific health literacy was associated with self-care behaviours (P = .033), also after multivariable adjustment (P = .026). Neither measure was independently associated with clinical outcomes (death, HF hospitalization, emergency department visit); however, patients with limited general health literacy showed numerically higher event rates and a tendency towards increased risk of clinical outcomes.
conclusionIn patients with HF, limited general health literacy was observed in 22% of patients. General and disease-specific health literacy measures were not interchangeable, and only disease-specific health literacy showed an independent association with self-care behaviours. A tendency towards less favourable clinical outcomes was observed among patients with limited general health literacy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.