Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42488972›Full record

ArticleJournal of rehabilitation medicine2026

Long-term medical and psychosocial vulnerability after home return following severe traumatic brain injury.

Andrea Calderone, Carmela Rifici, Donatella Bonaiuti, Alfredo Manuli, Daniele Bruschetta, Marco Piccione, Tina Balletta, Angelo Quartarone, Rocco Salvatore Calabrò

Abstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of rehabilitation medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Andrea CalderoneIRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy. andrea.calderone95@gmail.com.
Carmela RificiIRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy.
Donatella BonaiutiGolgi Redaelli Institute, Milan, Italy.
Alfredo ManuliDepartment of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Daniele BruschettaDepartment of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Marco PiccioneIRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy.
Tina BallettaIRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy.
Angelo QuartaroneIRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy.
Rocco Salvatore CalabròIRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo identify a 5-year medical and psychosocial vulnerability profile among adults living at home 1 year after severe TBI and examine associated early characteristics.

designRetrospective secondary analysis of a multicentre longitudinal cohort. SUBJECTS/PATIENTS: Adults aged 16 years or older with operationally defined severe traumatic brain injury, private residence at 1 year, linked 5-year follow-up, and complete data for 4 profile indicators.

methodsLatent class analysis used 5-year rehospitalization, PHQ-9, GAD-7, and Satisfaction With Life Scale scores dichotomized with prespecified clinically interpretable thresholds. External rehabilitation outcomes and early associated factors were examined descriptively and with multivariable logistic regression.

resultsAmong 2,835 participants, a 2-class solution identified a lower-vulnerability profile (n = 2,361) and a multidomain vulnerability profile (n = 474). The latter showed more depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, low life satisfaction, and rehospitalization, with poorer 5-year functioning, participation, health, productive status, and higher frequency of non-private residence. Better 1-year global outcome was protective; female sex, preinjury illicit drug use, and living alone at 1 year were associated with assignment to this profile.

conclusionHome return after severe traumatic brain injury should be treated as a transition point for longitudinal rehabilitation surveillance.

Indexed as

Brain Injuries, TraumaticAdolescentAdultAging in PlaceAnxietyDepressionFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedPatient ReadmissionPersonal SatisfactionQuality of LifeRetrospective StudiesYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID42488972
PMCPMC13403164

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.