ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Synovial fluid IL-16 and RANTES/CCL5 signals in early knee osteoarthritis: a pilot antibody-array study.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Reliable molecular indicators for early osteoarthritis (OA) remain limited. Because synovial fluid (SF) reflects the intra-articular immune microenvironment, inflammatory signals may help describe preliminary features associated with early OA for future validation. This pilot, hypothesis-generating study used a high-throughput antibody array to profile SF cytokines across radiographic groups of knee OA. Methods: Sixteen participants were included: a K-L grade 0 non-radiographic comparator group (K0, n = 4), early OA (K1; Kellgren-Lawrence grade 1-2, n = 6), and late OA (K3; grade 3-4, n = 6). Forty inflammatory proteins were measured using the RayBiotech Human Inflammation Antibody Array. Results: In K1 versus K0, IL-16 [fold change (FC) = 15.79; logFC = 3.98; approximate Conclusions: In this very small pilot cohort, IL-16 and RANTES/CCL5 showed array-based inflammatory signals associated with early OA after multiple-testing correction. The findings do not constitute validation of a clinical marker, and no diagnostic claim is made because ELISA confirmation, ROC analysis, and an independent validation cohort were not available. These data should therefore be regarded as preliminary discovery results, and larger, adequately powered studies with orthogonal quantitative validation are required before clinical translation can be considered.
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