Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42488598›Full record

ArticleCampbell systematic reviews2026

PROTOCOL: Evidence and Gap Map of Studies of the Effects of Health Interventions to Reduce Out-of-Pocket Expenses.

Xiuxia Li, Junliang Tao, Yongsheng Wang, Yanfei Li, Rui Li, Nan Chen, Jieyun Li, Huijuan Li, Meixuan Li, Lili Zhang and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Campbell systematic reviews, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Xiuxia LiHealth Technology Assessment Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0210-9793
Junliang TaoHealth Technology Assessment Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3020-9556
Yongsheng WangHealth Technology Assessment Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
Yanfei LiHealth Technology Assessment Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
Rui LiHealth Technology Assessment Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
Nan ChenHealth Technology Assessment Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
Jieyun LiThe Cross-innovation Laboratory of Evidence-based Social Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
Huijuan LiThe Cross-innovation Laboratory of Evidence-based Social Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
Meixuan LiThe Cross-innovation Laboratory of Evidence-based Social Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
Lili ZhangHealth Technology Assessment Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
Howard WhiteEvaluation and Evidence Synthesis, Global Development Network, New Delhi, India.
Kehu YangThe Cross-innovation Laboratory of Evidence-based Social Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This is a protocol for a Campbell Evidence and Gap Map (EGM) of the studies of the effect of health interventions to reduce out-of-pocket expenses (OOPE). The objective is to identify existing gaps in the available evidence where further primary studies and systematic reviews are needed.

Indexed as

Out-of-pocket expenses, Health interventions, Evidence and gap map

Identifiers

PMID42488598
PMCPMC13389109

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.