ArticleAesthetic surgery journal. Open forum2026
Ultrasonographic Features of Polycaprolactone Granulomatous Reactions: Case Series and a Literature Review.
Article in Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL) dermal fillers are widely used to stimulate collagen production and achieve long-lasting aesthetic results. Despite a favorable safety profile, case reports have described adverse events, including granuloma formation. The authors present 4 cases of granulomatous reactions after PCL injections, characterized clinically by painless, firm subcutaneous nodules and ultrasonographically by hypoechoic lesions with surface echogenic foci and comet-tail artifacts. To raise awareness among aesthetic practitioners, the authors conducted a narrative review of the existing literature on PCL-associated granulomas. They discussed the role of ultrasound in supporting the diagnosis of granulomatous reactions following PCL injections. This review highlights the diagnostic utility of ultrasonography and summarizes reported cases to date, aiming to enhance recognition and management of this potential adverse event. Level of Evidence: 4 (Therapeutic) For image description, please refer to the figure legend and surrounding text.
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