ArticleCureus2026
Histomorphological Evaluation of the Protective Role of Vitamin D3 Against Cadmium-Induced Neurotoxicity in Albino Rats: An Experimental Study.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background Cadmium (Cd) is one of the toxic metals found naturally in the environment and is used in industrial settings. In uncontaminated soils and freshwater, its levels are generally low. However, industrial activities, mining, phosphate fertilizers, and waste disposal can markedly increase environmental Cd concentrations, leading to chronic exposure in humans and animals. Exposure to high levels of Cd may induce harmful effects on nervous tissue. Experimental studies have demonstrated that Cd accumulates in various brain regions, including the olfactory bulb, after crossing the blood-brain barrier. This work was conducted to study the effect of Cd on the olfactory bulb of adult albino rats and the possible protective role of vitamin D3 (VD3). Methods A two-year experimental study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, after approval from the IAEC, from November 28, 2020, to November 30, 2022 (24 months). A total of 36 adult albino rats of either sex were included in the study and divided into three groups. Group I served as the control group and received normal saline. Group II served as the exposure group and received Cd chloride at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day administered subcutaneously. Group III served as the treatment group and received VD3 at a dose of 1000 IU/kg orally every two days, along with Cd chloride, for a period of four weeks. At the end of the experimental period, specimens of the olfactory bulb from all groups were collected, processed, and stained with H&E for light microscopic examination. Results Among the three groups, the control group showed normal architecture. The Cd chloride group showed loosening of the olfactory nerve layer, distortion of glomeruli with detached periglomerular cells occasionally interspersed with cell clusters, and vacuolar spaces in the neuropil of the external plexiform layer (EPL). Mitral cells showed morphological alterations and pericellular spaces. In the protective group, glomeruli were arranged closely, similar to those in the control group. Vacuolar spaces were negligible in the neuropil of the EPL. Conclusions Cd exposure causes morphological alterations in the olfactory bulb, while concurrent VD3 administration appears to reduce these changes, suggesting a neuroprotective role.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.