SynthesisFrontiers in medicine2026
Birth outcomes associated with maternal antiglaucoma medication exposure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Antiglaucoma medications are indispensable for preserving maternal vision, yet the associations between their use and adverse birth outcomes remain inconclusive. Method: The meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 and MOOSE guidelines. We searched Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and ScienceDirect for eligible comparative studies. The outcomes were low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth (PB) and congenital anomalies (CA). The pooled results are expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Influential publication was determined by performing sensitivity analysis. In addition, the potential sources of heterogeneity were examined by using subgroup analyses. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Begg's and Egger's tests. Results: The 8 included studies (11 datasets) were published between 2004 and 2024 and included 3,713 pregnant women with glaucoma. All the included studies were of good to excellent quality. Maternal use of antiglaucoma medications was associated with an increased risk of LBW (OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.46 to 3.08, Conclusion: Maternal use of antiglaucoma medications was potentially associated with an increased risk of LBW. In contrast, the evidence regarding PB and CA risk remains inconclusive. However, the preservation of maternal visual function remains a critical priority in certain cases. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/recorddashboard, Identifier CRD420261365100.
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