ArticlePakistan journal of medical sciences2026
Malnutrition-induced frailty and risk of early rehospitalization in heart failure: A Survival analysis from a prospective cohort study.
Article in Pakistan journal of medical sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the impact of malnutrition-induced frailty on time to rehospitalization among patients with heart failure (HF) in a tertiary care setting in Pakistan. Methodology: A prospective cohort study of three hundred participants was conducted at the Karachi Institute of Heart Diseases from November 2024 to April 2025, using non-probability consecutive sampling. Adults aged >40 years with confirmed HF and on a regular oral diet were enrolled at index admission and followed for 90 days. Malnutrition was assessed using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST; score ≥1) and frailty using the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI; score >5). Patients with both conditions comprised the exposed group; those without either formed the unexposed group. Time to first rehospitalization was the primary outcome. Kaplan-Meier analysis compared survival curves, and Cox proportional hazards regression identified independent predictors of rehospitalization. Results: Kaplan-Meier analysis showed significantly shorter rehospitalization-free survival in the exposed group (log-rank p = 0.008). Although frailty was associated with a higher hazard of rehospitalization (HR = 4.912; 95% CI: 0.752-32.071), it did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.096) in the multivariable Cox model. BMI emerged as the only significant predictor (p = 0.047), with underweight patients at greater risk. No significant interaction was observed between BMI and frailty. Conclusion: Malnutrition-induced frailty showed a trend towards shorter time to rehospitalization in HF patients, though this association was not found statistically significant. Routine frailty screening and targeted post-discharge interventions may help reduce preventable readmissions, particularly in resource-limited settings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.