Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42487811›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in public health2026

Nontuberculous mycobacteria skin infections associated with tattoos.

Soumana Daddy-Gaoh, Steven L Foley, Ohgew Kweon, Seong-Jae Kim

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Soumana Daddy-GaohDivision of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States.
Steven L FoleyDivision of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States.
Ohgew KweonDivision of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States.
Seong-Jae KimDivision of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) skin infections associated with tattoos and permanent makeup (PMU) have emerged as an important public health concern alongside the growing popularity of these procedures. Since the first reported case in 2003, increasing numbers have been documented worldwide. To better understand their epidemiology and clinical characteristics, we conducted a review of published cases. As of December 2024, 62 articles described 66 tattoo-related NTM skin infection cases, involving 310 individuals across 15 countries. Notably, 25 cases were outbreaks, accounting for 262 affected individuals, with the first in 2005 linked to contamination of a gray tattoo ink bottle. Ten NTM species were identified, most commonly

Indexed as

Mycobacterium Infections, NontuberculousNontuberculous MycobacteriaSkin Diseases, BacterialTattooingHumansInkmicrobial contaminationnontuberculous mycobacteriaskin infectiontattootattoo ink

Identifiers

PMID42487811
PMCPMC13388303

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.