ArticleFrontiers in public health2026
Health literacy and its correlates among adults surveyed in Kuwait: a venue-based cross-sectional study.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Health literacy is a foundational determinant of health equity, yet remains understudied in Kuwait and the broader Gulf region. This venue-based survey assessed health literacy and its sociodemographic and health-related correlates among adults surveyed in Kuwait, to inform equity-oriented health communication and community health education. Methods: A venue-linked, electronic cross-sectional survey was conducted across all six governorates of Kuwait (February-April 2026). Adults aged 18 years or older were recruited using quota-informed convenience sampling through an electronic self-administered questionnaire distributed at selected public venues and study channels. Validated Arabic and English versions of the HLS-EU-Q16 were administered, yielding 1,846 participants (81.1% Kuwaiti; 78.4% female). Associations were examined using ANOVA (including Welch), Kruskal-Wallis tests, general linear modelling, and logistic regression, with sensitivity analyses for the sparse poor-SRH category. Results: The mean HLS-EU-Q16 score was 12.89 (SD = 3.42; Cronbach's Conclusion: Over one-third of the adults surveyed in Kuwait had limited health literacy. Self-rated health was the strongest correlate in the adjusted model, though the cross-sectional design precludes causal inference. Mental health information access represents a specific, actionable gap. These findings call for accessible, culturally and linguistically appropriate community health education, system-level responsiveness, and communication strategies prioritising individuals with poorer perceived health and chronic conditions. Because the sample was venue-recruited and predominantly Kuwaiti and female, estimates apply to the surveyed population rather than all residents of Kuwait.
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