ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2026
Evaluation of a quintuple-gene-deleted PRV vector expressing PEDV S1: safety and immunogenicity in rabbits, mice, and piglets.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
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10 authors.
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Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) and Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) are currently co-circulation among swine herd with multiple variant strains, which cause severe economic losses to the global swine industry. In the present study, a recombinant PRV-based vaccine candidate was constructed backbone of a PRV variant via deletion of five genes (gI, gE, US2, US9, and TK) and insertion of the S1 gene derived from a PEDV G2b strain, and the resulting recombinant virus was generated as rPRV-Δ5-S1. The safety of the quintuple-gene-deleted PRV vector (rPRV-Δ5) was firstly evaluated in rabbits and compared with the previously generated triple-gene-deleted vector (rPRV-Δ3). Rabbits inoculated with rPRV-Δ5 exhibited milder clinical manifestations, lower viral loads in tissues, and fewer histopathological lesions, indicating an improved safety profile. Subsequent immunization trials in mice demonstrated that rPRV-Δ5-S1 induced PEDV S1-specific antibodies and PEDV-neutralizing antibodies, which were higher than those observed in the commercial inactivated PEDV vaccine group. Furthermore, rPRV-Δ5-S1 elicited higher neutralizing antibody titers against PRV variants than the Bartha-K61 vaccine and provided complete protection against lethal challenge with the PRV variant. To further validate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of rPRV-Δ5-S1, challenge experiments were conducted in piglets. The results showed that piglets immunized with rPRV-Δ5-S1 developed detectable antibody responses against both PRV and PEDV. After challenge with the PEDV G2b variant, rPRV-Δ5-S1-immunized piglets exhibited reduced diarrhea severity, decreased viral shedding, alleviated intestinal lesions, and improved weight gain compared with control animals. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the quintuple-gene-deleted PRV vector exhibits an improved safety profile and can serve as an effective platform for heterologous antigen delivery. The recombinant virus rPRV-Δ5-S1 can induced immune responses against both PRV and PEDV in multiple animal models, which supports its potential as a bivalent vaccine candidate against these two economically critical swine pathogens.
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