ReviewAdvanced healthcare materials2026
From Static Scaffolds to Responsive Implants: 3D-Printed Field-Active Bioceramics for Adaptive Bone Regeneration.
Review in Advanced healthcare materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Extensive bone defects complicated by infection, malignancy, or metabolic disorders remain a critical clinical challenge, as conventional calcium phosphate bioceramics provide only passive osteoconductive support. The integration of additive manufacturing with external physical stimuli, such as mechanical, piezoelectric, photothermal, magnetothermal, and ultrasonic, has catalyzed a paradigm shift from static scaffolding to responsive therapeutic platforms. This review examines how advanced techniques, including digital light processing (DLP), direct ink writing (DIW), and two-photon lithography (TPL), enable precise architectural programming of porosity, topology, and compositional gradients, establishing the physicochemical foundation for efficient field coupling. We dissect the mechanisms by which field-active bioceramics transduce external stimuli into bioelectrical, thermal, and mechanical cues, activating the mechanotransduction pathway that orchestrates osteogenic differentiation, immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and antibacterial activity. Particular emphasis is placed on multifunctional strategies, including tumor ablation-to-regeneration transitions, antibacterial-to-osteogenic modality switching, and 4D-printed shape memory architectures, alongside emerging self-powered systems harvesting endogenous mechanical energy. By elucidating the synergistic interplay among scaffold structure, material composition, and external field stimulation, this review establishes design principles for next-generation biomaterials that adaptively respond to complex bone-defect microenvironments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.