SynthesisScientific reports2026
Nitrogen fertilization and biostimulants in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) production: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and nutrient management framework.
Synthesis in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is a globally significant industrial crop, yet the interactive effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization and biostimulant application on yield and juice quality remain inadequately synthesized. Excessive N application suppresses sucrose content, elevates molassogenic impurities, and generates environmental externalities; however, no prior synthesis has coupled a systematic review with field-derived path analysis to jointly characterize the N × biostimulant system. The present study quantified the effects of N rate and biostimulant type on root yield, sucrose content, juice purity, and impurity concentrations through a PRISMA-compliant systematic review (68 eligible studies from 1,250 records; 50 with extractable data), random-effects meta-analysis, GRADE certainty grading, and a two-season split-plot field experiment (n = 72; Sakha, Egypt) analyzed by structural equation modelling (SEM). N rate positively predicted root yield (GRADE: MODERATE) but negatively affected sucrose content above 120 kg N ha⁻¹ (GRADE: LOW). All biostimulant outcomes were rated GRADE VERY LOW certainty due to high heterogeneity and publication bias. Path analysis confirmed potassium as the principal quality-limiting impurity and its co-accumulation with α-amino nitrogen (α-AN) under excess N. An optimal range of 90-120 kg N ha⁻¹ is supported by MODERATE-certainty evidence for Nile Delta clay-loam conditions. Biostimulant recommendations remain provisional pending pre-registered multi-location trials.
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