Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42486097›Full record

ArticleCell reports. Medicine2026

A poly(I:C)/QS-21-based in situ vaccine synergizes with anti-PD-1 therapy to overcome tumor immunoresistance.

Wenbo Zhang, Xinrui Ni, Luoyi Zhuo, Jiangrui Liu, Guang Yang, Jianming Li, Lingai Tang, Xiuli Du, Chun Shan, Guoqiang Feng and 9 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports. Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Wenbo ZhangSchool of Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
Xinrui NiSchool of Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
Luoyi ZhuoSchool of Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
Jiangrui LiuSchool of Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
Guang YangShanghai Anyikang Biotechnology Co., LTD, Shanghai 200131, China; Maxvax Biotechnology Co., LTD, Chengdu 610200, China.
Jianming LiCenter of Interventional Oncology and Liver Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Interventional Department of Liver Diseases and Tumors with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hohhot, Hohhot 010020, China.
Lingai TangSchool of Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
Xiuli DuSchool of Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
Chun ShanSchool of Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
Guoqiang FengInterventional Department of Liver Diseases and Tumors with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hohhot, Hohhot 010020, China.
Wenguang WangSchool of Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
Qi GaoShanghai Anyikang Biotechnology Co., LTD, Shanghai 200131, China; Maxvax Biotechnology Co., LTD, Chengdu 610200, China.
Qiang SuiShanghai Anyikang Biotechnology Co., LTD, Shanghai 200131, China; Maxvax Biotechnology Co., LTD, Chengdu 610200, China.
Min XiaShanghai Anyikang Biotechnology Co., LTD, Shanghai 200131, China; Maxvax Biotechnology Co., LTD, Chengdu 610200, China.
Chunwang YuanCenter of Interventional Oncology and Liver Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Interventional Department of Liver Diseases and Tumors with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hohhot, Hohhot 010020, China.
Dexiang ChenShanghai Anyikang Biotechnology Co., LTD, Shanghai 200131, China; Maxvax Biotechnology Co., LTD, Chengdu 610200, China. Electronic address: dexiang.chen@maxvax.cn.
Yong YangSchool of Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China. Electronic address: yy@cpu.edu.cn.
Duowei WangSchool of Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China. Electronic address: wangduowei@cpu.edu.cn.
Xianjing LiSchool of Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China. Electronic address: xjl@cpu.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite remarkable advances in cancer immunotherapy, immunoresistance remains a critical barrier to its broader success. To address this challenge, we develop an adjuvant system that combines polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) with QS-21 and functions as an in situ cancer vaccine, effectively boosting antitumor immunity across diverse tumor types. This synergistic formulation leverages QS-21-mediated cytosolic delivery of poly(I:C) to potentiate the TBK1-IRF3-type I interferon axis. This activation licenses robust IRF1 nuclear translocation as a downstream transcriptional integrator, thereby inducing immunogenic cell death in tumor cells. Intratumoral administration of this system enhances dendritic cell maturation and neoantigen presentation, which elicits a robust neoantigen-specific T cell response and generates protective immune memory that prevents tumor recurrence. Moreover, the adjuvant sensitizes tumors to anti-PD-1 therapy and, when combined with microwave ablation, significantly improves antitumor efficacy. Collectively, this approach offers a promising strategy to overcome immunoresistance and advance combination immunotherapies.

Indexed as

Cancer VaccinesNeoplasmsPoly I-CProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorAnimalsCell Line, TumorDendritic CellsFemaleHumansImmunotherapyInterferon Type IMiceMice, Inbred C57BLCancer VaccinesInterferon Type IPoly I-CProgrammed Cell Death 1 Receptorimmunogenic cell deathimmunological memoryin situ vaccinepoly(I:C)QS-21

Identifiers

PMID42486097
PMCPMC13522757

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.