ArticleJournal of Ayurveda and integrative medicine
Commiphora wightii and its formulations extenuate macrophage-mediated inflammatory pathology in osteoarthritis.
Article in Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) treatment often focuses on symptom management rather than addressing underlying inflammation and cartilage degeneration. In search of safer, long-term options, many patients turn to Ayurvedic remedies like Guggul (Commiphora wightii) and its formulations-Amritadi Guggul (AG) and Rasnadi Guggul (RG)-though biochemical validation remains limited.
objectiveThis study evaluates the immunomodulatory effects of standard guggulsterone extract (SGE), AG, and RG on synovial inflammation, mitochondrial stress, and complement activation, using the U937 monocyte cell line. MATERIALS AND
methodsCells were stimulated with Phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate (PMA) and treated with varying concentrations of the extracts. Anti-inflammatory effects were measured via mRNA expression of iNOS, MMP-1, MMP-13, and VEGF-1. Macrophage polarization markers (CD68, CD86, CD163), mitochondrial membrane potential (JC-1 assay), collagenase activity (gelatinase spot assay), and molecular docking with complement factor B (CFB) were also assessed.
resultsResults showed that SGE, AG, and RG significantly reduced nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory gene expression. Treatments suppressed M1 macrophage markers without promoting M2 differentiation. 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimi- dazolylcarbocyanine iodide (JC) - 1 assays indicated improved mitochondrial stability, while all formulations inhibited collagenase activity. Docking studies revealed strong interactions between guggulsterone and CFB, suggesting complement inhibition.
conclusionsThese findings highlight the potential of Guggul and its formulations to modulate macrophage activity, reduce inflammation, and support joint preservation in OA. Though limited by the use of a monocyte-derived cell line, the study lays the groundwork for future validation in primary cells and in vivo models.
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