SynthesisJournal of food and drug analysis2026
Effect of cosmetic whitening ingredients' lipophilicity on melanocyte cytotoxicity: A systematic review.
Synthesis in Journal of food and drug analysis, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tyrosinase is an enzyme involved in the early stages of melanin synthesis. Melanin, which gives skin its pigment, is the most targeted molecule in the development of skin-whitening cosmetic products. Consequential risks of chemically induced skin diseases are associated with the usage of skin-whitening products that contain tyrosinase-inhibiting compounds. Currently, products containing tyrosinase inhibitors on the market lack collective analysis of their toxicity on melanocytes. Moreover, national regulatory agencies (e.g., FDA) place the burden of ensuring the safety of whitening products on manufacturers, risking bias and selective reporting. In fact, the ASEAN Cosmetic Directive does not include more than half of the 'novel' whitening agents currently on the market. This review describes the relationship of lipophilicity of cosmetic whitening ingredients (CWI) with melanocyte cytotoxicity. A systematic search of databases using the phrase (((Skin Whitening) OR (Skin Brightening) OR (Skin Lightening) OR (Skin Bleaching)) AND ((Melanocyte Cytotoxicity) OR (Cytotoxicity) OR (Cytotoxic Effect)) AND Mechanism)) was carried out. Data such as the assay and medium used, mechanism of action, cLogP, and cell viability were extracted from the 11 articles in the study. The cell viability data and respective concentration used for the MTT assays were used to calculate the IC50 values of each CWI using the drc-R package in R. The identified CWIs were categorized by their respective lipophilicity; subsequently, linear regression analysis was conducted. It was revealed that the cLogP of the CWIs was able to exhibit a moderate positive correlation between IC50 values (R
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