Observational studyPloS one2026
Spatial and neighborhood data in the collaborative cohort of cohorts for COVID-19 Research (C4R).
Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph
Observational study in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
53 authors.
Jana A HirschUrban Health Collaborative and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3355-5558
Lilah M BesserDepartment of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America.
Marcia Pescador JimenezDepartment of Epidemiology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Stephen T DickinsonUrban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6113-6452
Talea CorneliusCenter for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7181-0981
Stephen T FranciscoUrban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
Katherine LawinDepartment of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1770-623X
Hoda S Abdel MagidDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences and Spatial Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
Sandra S AlbrechtDepartment of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3444-2192
Norrina Bai AllenInstitute for Public Health and Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
Pallavi BalteDepartment of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America.
Sharrelle BarberThe Ubuntu Center on Racism, Global Movements & Population Health Equity and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
Lori A BatemanDepartment of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0528-2559
Lauren B BeachMedical Social Sciences, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
Jason P BlockDepartment of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Scott C BrownDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America.
Russell G BuhrDavid Geffen School of Medicine & Fielding School of Public Health at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6159-7435
Earle C ChambersDepartment of Family and Social Medicine and Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America.
James L CrooksDivision of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America.
Ana V Diez RouxUrban Health Collaborative and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
Mitchell S V ElkindDepartment of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America.
Linda C GalloDepartment of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3678-5888
Penny Gordon-LarsenDepartment of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.
Jose GutierrezDepartment of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America.
Carmen R IsasiDepartment of Epidemiology & Population Health and Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America.
Peter JamesCenter for Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America.
Suzanne E JuddDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7594-6587
Alka M KanayaDepartment of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
Namratha R KandulaDepartment of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
Joel D KaufmanDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
Kiarri N KershawDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0063-6397
Anna M Kucharska-NewtonDepartment of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.
Erin R KulickDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
Joyce S LeeDepartment of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, United States of America.
Gina S LovasiUrban Health Collaborative and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
Dave MaugerDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
Leslie A McClureCollege for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2465-6739
Steven MellyUrban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
Sharon Stein MerkinDivision of Geriatrics, Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
Yvonne L MichaelDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
Gabriela R OatesHeersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4052-1524
Brenda R PhillipsDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
Jessica A ReeseDepartment of Biostatistics and Epidemiology and Center for American Indian Health Research, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America.
Elizabeth A ReganDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America.
Cameron J ReimerDepartment of Epidemiology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2058-0538
Daniel A RodriguezInstitute of Transportation Studies and Department of City and Regional Planning, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
Tatjana RundekDepartment of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7115-9815
Michael SchembriDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
Mario SimsDepartment of Social Medicine, Population and Public Health, University of California, Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, United States of America.
Nicole L SpartanoSection of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Weight Management, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Carla WilsonResearch Informatics Services, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America.
Yiyi ZhangDepartment of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America.
Elizabeth C OelsnerDepartment of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America.
Funding
ACTIV Integration of Host-targeting Therapies for COVID-19 Administrative Coordinating CenterOT2HL156812 · NHLBI · RESEARCH TRIANGLE INSTITUTE · PI NOLEN, TRACY L, THOMAS, SONIA M · 2020 to 2024
$1270.7MLarge Scale Sequencing and Analysis of GenomesU54HG003067 · NHGRI · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI GABRIEL, STACEY, LANDER, ERIC S · 2004 to 2015
$568.6MUCLA Clinical Translational Science InstituteUL1TR001881 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI ARLEEN F. BROWN, ARASH NAEIM · 2016 to 2026
$118.1MUCSF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE INSTITUTEUL1RR024131 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI JOHNSTON, S. CLAIBORNE · 2006 to 2011
$111.2MVCID and Stroke in a Bi-racial National CohortU01NS041588 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI CUSHMAN, MARY, HOWARD, GEORGE · 2002 to 2022
$96.0MARIC Neurocognitive Study (ARIC-NCS) Renewal 2023-2028U01HL096812 · NHLBI · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI JOSEF CORESH, THOMAS H MOSLEY · 2010 to 2026
$65.7MInstitute for Clinical and Translational ResearchUL1TR001079 · NCATS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI FORD, DANIEL ERNEST · 2013 to 2017
$60.1MGenetic Epidemiology of COPDU01HL089897 · NHLBI · NATIONAL JEWISH HEALTH · PI CRAPO, JAMES D · 2007 to 2021
$56.9MTransgenic & Knock-out MouseP30DK063491 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI MILES Frome WILKINSON · 2003 to 2026
$40.4MSubclinical Vascular Contributions to Alzheimer's Disease: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Multisite Study of AD (Renewal)R01AG058969 · NIA · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI Timothy M. Hughes, YONGMEI LIU · 2018 to 2026
$33.4MWake Forest Clinical and Translational Science AwardUL1TR001420 · NCATS · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI ARD, JAMY D, FOLEY, KRISTIE L · 2015 to 2023
$32.3MFRAMINGHAM HEART STUDY - YEAR 5 EXAM75N92019D00031 · NHLBI · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI RAMACHANDRAN, VASAN · 2019 to 2024
$29.8MIntramural NIH HHS Z01 ES101947NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000040NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001079NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001420NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001881NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR024131NHGRI NIH HHS HHSN268201300003CNHGRI NIH HHS U54 HG003067NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92019D00027NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92019D00028NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92019D00029NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92019D00030NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92019D00031NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92020D00001NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92020D00002NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92020D00003NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92020D00004NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92020D00005NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92020D00006NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92020D00007NHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268200900013CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268200900014CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268200900015CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268200900016CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268200900017CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268200900018CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268200900019CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268200900020CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201300001CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201300003INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201300004CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201300005CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201500001CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201500001INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201500003CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201500003INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201600038CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201700001CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201700001INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201700002CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201700002INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201700003CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201700003INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201700004CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201700004INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201700005CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201700005INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201800003INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201800004INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201800005INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201800006INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201800007INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201800010INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201800011CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201800011INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201800012CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201800012INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201800014CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201800014INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201800015INHLBI NIH HHS K23 HL130627NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC025195NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC065233NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC065234NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC065235NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC065236NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC065237NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095159NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095160NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095161NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095162NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095163NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095164NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095165NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095166NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095167NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095168NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095169NHLBI NIH HHS N02 HL064278NHLBI NIH HHS OT2 HL156812NHLBI NIH HHS P01 HL092870NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL071759NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL077612NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL093009NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL093081NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL095393NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL097163NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL098433NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL101250NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL104580NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL109263NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL109282NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL109284NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL109301NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL109315NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL109319NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL114091NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL117626NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL120393NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL120725NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL127028NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL127659NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL130506NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL131610NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL135009NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL144718NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL148431NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL148463NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL148880NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL149809NHLBI NIH HHS R21 HL121457NHLBI NIH HHS R21 HL129924NHLBI NIH HHS R21 HL153700NHLBI NIH HHS R33 HL120770NHLBI NIH HHS RC2 HL101649NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL041642NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL041652NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL041654NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL065520NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL065521NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL089856NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL089897NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL096812NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL096814NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL096899NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL096902NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL096917NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL120393NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL137880NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL109086NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL109146NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL109152NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL109164NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL109168NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL109172NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL109250NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL109257NHLBI NIH HHS U24 HL141762NHLBI NIH HHS UH2 HL123442NHLBI NIH HHS UH3 HL123442NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA028552NIA NIH HHS P01 AG031093NIA NIH HHS R01 AG049970NIA NIH HHS R01 AG058969NIA NIH HHS R01 AG066162NIA NIH HHS R01 AG072634NIA NIH HHS R56 AG049970NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG074306NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK063491NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK106209NIEHS NIH HHS HHSN268201600032CNIEHS NIH HHS P01 ES009825NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES023500NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES030994NIMHD NIH HHS HHSN268201800013INIMHD NIH HHS P60 MD002249NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS029993NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS102715NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS041588
Abstract
Neighborhood factors, encompassing social, built, and natural environments, may explain geographic differences in the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on populations. Data from pre-existing national, population-based cohorts could be leveraged to better understand how pre-existing conditions (both individual and neighborhood) contribute to risk factor development and disease progression. We catalogued spatial and neighborhood data in the Collaborative Cohort of Cohorts for COVID-19 Research (C4R), comprising 14 diverse US cohorts (>50,000 participants). The C4R sample is generally spatially and socially representative of the overall nation, with C4R's calculated spatial coverage representing 28% of US land area and 52% of the total US population. However, C4R (vs. non C4R) areas were more urban, wealthy, with more foreign-born residents, and less car-dependent with lower proportion employed and green. Twelve cohorts collected neighborhood characteristics - most commonly social environment data on neighborhood socioeconomic status- based on participants' addresses. The most common built environment measures were related to food access, followed by other destination-based measures such as walkability. Natural environment data were available in the fewest cohorts, with emphasis on air quality or greenspace. This work provides clarity on available neighborhood and spatial data and facilitates future harmonization of data from C4R cohorts. Ultimately, this may enable future longitudinal and comparative analyses of neighborhood influences on COVID-19.
Indexed as
COVID-19Neighborhood CharacteristicsSpatial AnalysisAdolescentAdultAgedCohort EffectCohort StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesUnited StatesYoung Adult
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